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Limits

Scale

  • One writer. Every write goes through one leader. Followers add capacity for reads and live queries, not for writes.

SQL

  • No SQL JOIN in live queries; use a WITH clause instead.
  • No GROUP BY, HAVING or top-level aggregates such as SELECT count(*).
  • Writes compare columns with values: no expressions in SET, no CASE, no RETURNING.
  • Every table needs a primary key.

SQL lists what is supported and what each refusal suggests instead.

Transactions

Limit Default When exceeded
Idle time between operations 5 s Rolls back, 410 TRANSACTION_CLOSED
Total time from begin 30 s Rolls back, 410 TRANSACTION_CLOSED
Open transactions 1,024 503
Unanswered write requests 32 503

Subscriptions

Limit Default When exceeded
Live queries per client 256 429 too-many-queries
Stream token lifetime 30 s, single use Refused; get a new one

Durability

Losing the leader’s machine can lose up to the last 60 seconds of commits. A process crash loses nothing. Consistency has the details, and Status the plan to close it.